Wetland plants can enhance their adaptability to the environment by adjusting their leaf and fine root functional traits. Through the study of the relationship and variation trend of leaf and root traits, we can effectively understand the response mechanism of above-ground and underground plants to the environment, the utilization of resources and the change of plant survival strategy. In this paper, 4 typical wetlands in Fuzhou section of the Min River were selected as research areas, and the dominant species reed was selected as research objects. The changes and correlations of 8 leaf traits and 7 fine root traits (morphological traits and ecological stoichiometric characteristics) of reed were measured under different water and salt environments, and the survival strategies of reed to cope with the changes of different water and salt environments were discussed. The results showed that the responses of reed leaf and fine root to soil water content were stronger than that of soil salt content. There was significant correlation between leaf and fine root characters. At the same time, with the increase of soil water content and salt content, N and C:N in the ground and underground parts of reed were positively correlated. The C content showed a negative correlation, reflecting the adaptability of reed to different water and salt environments. The leaf traits of reed in this study could not reflect its survival strategy. In the environment of high soil water and salt content, fine roots adopted the "acquisition" strategy, and the survival strategy of the whole plant was also inclined to the "fast investment-return" strategy. However, in the environment of low soil water and salt content, the survival strategy of fine root and whole plants tended to be on the side of slow investment. These results reflect the correlation between the above-ground and subsurface parts of reed under different water and salt environments, as well as the different ecological strategies of intraspecific variation, reflecting the unique regulatory mechanisms of wetland plants under heterogeneous habitats.