This study revealed the impacts of different pollution pressures on the community structure of macrofauna based on samples collected from 14 stations in the adjacent waters of Dongjiakou Port, Qingdao in November 2021. A total of 66 taxonomic units of macrofauna were identified, including polychaetes, arthropods, annelids, and mollusks. The average abundance in the study area was 343.33 ind./m² with an average wet weight biomass of 8.26 g/m². The seabed sediment types in the study area included sand, clayey silt, sandy silt, and a combination of sand-silt-clay. The heavy metal pollution in the area was relatively light with chromium, zinc, lead, arsenic copper and cadmium being mostly clean except for mild contamination by arsenic at some stations. BIOENV analysis revealed that chemical oxygen demand (COD), sediment Chlorophyll a, zinc, lead and cadmium were important factors affecting the community structure of macrofauna with a correlation coefficient of 0.460. The main pressure on the community structure was heavy metals. It indicated that after long-term use of the port, heavy metal pollution pressure in this area may increase in the future.