Agroecosystem services are generated by agricultural systems that are deeply regulated and influenced by human activities. Apart from providing beneficial ecosystem services, they also bring multiple ecosystem disservices that have negative impacts on human well-being. Agroecosystem services and disservices are not only related to traditional food production but also related to ecological security, which can provide a new scientific perspective for promoting agricultural sustainable development. For agroecosystem services and disservices, they often show the following main characteristics: (1) the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of agroecosystem services and disservices are shaped by both natural and anthropogenic factors; (2) agricultural management practices impact the trade-offs and synergies between ecosystem services and disservices; (3) spatial flows of agroecosystem services supply and demand occur between agricultural ecosystems and socio-economic systems; (4) the generation and maintenance agroecosystem services and disservices interact across multiple interconnected scales. Based on literatures, this paper aimed to (1) summarize the core scales and hot topics of agroecosystem services and disservices; (2) sort out typical indicators and assess the applicability of evaluation methods at multiple scales; (3) propose key directions for agroecosystem services and disservices in the future. Research on agroecosystem service mainly involved three core scales: field, landscape, and regional scale. As the scale expanded, the hot topics shifted from focusing on field crops to considering landscape heterogeneity and its associations, and then to examining the integration with social systems at the regional level. In addition to providing typical or specific services such as food supply, pollination, and weed control, agricultural ecosystems also brought disservices such as agricultural waste, pests and diseases, and habitat degradation. For agroecosystem service assessment, qualitative and semi-quantitative methods were generally applicable across multiple scales, while the optimal scale for different quantitative methods and models may vary. In the future, based on agroecosystem services and disservices quantification and scale effects, the following main three aspects can help to provide theoretical and practical support for multi-scale agricultural landscape planning and design: spatial and temporal tradeoffs analysis, supply-demand and flow mechanism exploration, agroecosystem service value realization and ecological compensation. When adopting various agricultural management practices, it is crucial to balance the trade-off relationships and address the supply-demand deficits while fully considering diverse stakeholder interests. Agricultural landscape planning and design can be implemented by adjusting landscape complexity across multiple scales. These approaches aim to reconcile trade-offs and deficits, thereby enhancing the values of agroecosystem services and promoting sustainable agricultural development.