For the ecological restoration of territorial space to go smoothly, state investment and social investment is required. However, very few studies on the ecological restoration of territorial space take the economic viability of investment from the restoration cost and investment potential into account. The Yellow River Basin is the focus of this study. The identification framework of priority basins for social investment support under the steps of "land use simulation-supply and demand assessment of ecosystem services-feasibility of ecological restoration" is established using 4 land use simulation scenarios, 2 water ecosystem services, and 4 ecological product value realization development patterns. The results showed that, under the soil and water conservation scenario, the grassland in the Yellow River Basin would increase significantly in 2030, and the man-made surface expansion would be rapid in the natural evolution scenario, water source conservation scenario and wetland protection scenario; the priority watersheds for national investment in the three scenarios were mainly distributed in the middle and lower reaches; the three scenarios unanimously showed that carbon trading and emission rights trading were the most attractive for social investment, while investment attraction for specialty breeding and specialty traditional Chinese medicine was not universal. The spatial location identified in this study can provide a reference for the macro location selection of investment in the Yellow River Basin to support ecological restoration and realize the value of ecological products.