The construction of ecological security pattern based on ecosystem services and ecological sensitivity can systematically and holistically promote ecological protection and restoration, and is an important way to build a Chinese-style modernization in which human beings coexist harmoniously with nature. Taking the Qiantang River Basin in Zhejiang Province as the research object, the paper comprehensively applied the ecosystem service trade-off/synergy and analysis, ecological sensitivity evaluation, OWA algorithm and hotspot analysis methods to identify the ecological sources, used the potential change probability of the future growth of the land to correct the basic resistance surface. This paper also applied the circuit theory to identify the key ecological elements, and based on which, constructed the ecological security pattern, determined the key restoration areas, delimited the ecological protection zones, and put forward the ecological governance zoning strategy. The results showed that: (1) there were a total of 35 important ecological sources in the Qiantang River Basin, with a total area of 3441.24 km², accounting for 17.38% of the total regional area. They were mainly distributed in the western and southern forest areas, providing good habitats and rich ecosystem services for organisms; (2) 44 ecological corridors were identified, with a total length of 889.07 km, and the distribution of the corridors showed a dense spiderweb spatial pattern of the central and western parts of the region and a sparse distribution in the eastern part of the region; 25 ecological pinch points were identified, mainly concentrated in the central region of the region, which are priority areas for future ecological protection; 25 ecological pinch points were identified, mainly in the central part of the region; The determined ecological obstacle area is 960.84 km², and the high-level restoration area is 105.98 km², accounting for 11.03%, which is the focus of future restoration; and (3) the national spatial ecological layout and zoning control strategy of "one axis, two belts, and three zones" was constructed. The "One Axis" refers to the water conservation biodiversity protection ecological axis flowing through the Qiantang River, Fuchun River, and Xin'an River basins. The "Two Zones" refer to the water conservation soil pollution prevention and control zone and the water conservation soil erosion restoration zone. The "Three Zones" are protection and restoration zones based on the ecological security pattern, including ecological barrier zones, ecological restoration zones, and ecological conservation zones. Further optimization strategies are proposed based on the actual situation of each zone. The research results can provide a basis for effectively alleviating the contradiction between regional ecological security and economic development, and optimizing the national ecological security pattern.