The Zoige alpine wetland is facing a serious degradation problem, and soil bacteria play an important role in the ecological restoration process. Investigating the effects of grazing exclusion, re-grazing and continuous grazing on soil bacterial community in the Zoige alpine wetland can be helpful in revealing the patterns of soil microbial community changes of alpine wetland during natural restoration processes. In this study, sample plots that had been enclosed against grazing for 3 years (3-year non-grazing, NG3), 5 years (5-year non-grazing, NG5), 1 year after reopening (re-grazing, RG), and continuous grazing disturbance (grazing, G) as the control were selected within the Zoige Wetland National Nature Reserve. The effects of grazing exclusion and re-grazing on soil bacterial community composition, diversity and ecological network characteristics were analyzed. The results showed that grazing exclusion and re-grazing significantly altered the α diversity of whole taxa (WT), abundant taxa (AT) and rare taxa(RT), and NG3 had the highest soil bacterial diversity, but there was no significant difference in the α diversity between G, NG5, and RG (P>0.05). Actinobacteriota (27.06%), Proteobacteria (18.74%), Acidobacteriota (17.62%), Chloroflexi (10.18%) and Firmicutes(5.02%) were identified as the dominant phyla within the soil bacterial community, and the abundance of the dominant bacteria changed significantly during the process of grazing exclusion and re-grazing except Proteobacteria (P<0.05). Grazing exclusion significantly altered the composition of soil bacterial communities but NG5 and RG only showed significant differences in AT (P<0.05), indicating that the composition of AT was more sensitive to re-grazing. Co-occurrence network analysis results showed that non-grazing increased the complexity, and modularity index, suggesting that non-grazing improved the stability of soil bacterial community. Grazing exclusion increased the proportion of edges connected to RT, and RT was the main component group of key nodes in the co-occurrence network, indicating that exclusion has led to a predominance of interaction patterns centered around RT in the soil bacterial community. Mental tests showed that soil organic matter, total nitrogen and moisture content were significantly correlated with the composition of WT, AT and RT (P<0.05). The research showed that grazing exclusion was beneficial to the stability of soil bacterial community by increasing the diversity of soil bacteria and changing the relationship between species. The sensitivity of the structure of abundant bacterial taxa to exclusion and grazing can be used as a biological indicator of grazing. Grazing exclusion and re-grazing may influence soil bacterial community structure through changes in physical and chemical properties of soil.