China regards controlling the total amount and intensity of carbon emissions as an important route to achieve carbon neutrality goal. As a province with high carbon emissions, it is of great significance to explore the path to achieving carbon neutrality in Shandong under the background of "dual control" of carbon emissions. Based on the actual social and economic development situation of 16 cities in Shandong province, a "dual carbon" index model was constructed. Using the "dual carbon" index model, the 16 cities of Shandong had been scientifically designated as three control zones, which including carbon reduction zone, low-carbon zone, and carbon sequestration zone. The results of carbon emission showed that the overall carbon emissions of Shandong province had been showed an upward trend from 2015 to 2019. In addition, the whole carbon emissions of Shandong province in 2019 had been increasing by 82 million tons compared to that in 2015. However, the changes of carbon emissions vary were different among the 16 cities, which Dongying had the largest reduction in carbon emissions (it reduced about 61 million tons from2019 to 2015), while Binzhou had the largest increase in carbon emissions (it increased about 82 million tons from2019 to 2015). While, the total carbon sequestration of various ecosystems of Shandong province was 488 million tons in 2019, and the carbon sink of terrestrial ecosystems accounts for the majority, which was about 482 million tons, accounting for 98.77% of the total carbon sink of all ecosystems. Moreover, there were significant differences in the distribution area of various ecosystems among 16 cities, due to the large distribution area of forest ecosystem, Linyi had the highest total ecosystem carbon sink among all cities of Shandong, which was about 54 million tons, accounting for 11.05% of the total carbon sink of all cities. Lastly, the result of the "dual carbon" index model showed that 9 cities were carbon reduction zone, and 5 cities were low carbon zone, while only 2 cities were carbon sequestration zone of Shandong province in 2019. According to the above results, we proposed differentiated measures and suggestions for each control zones, which focused on the requirements of “dual control” of carbon emissions and the actual development of the cities, to explore carbon neutrality route that suitable for Shandong province. The carbon neutrality path for Shandong of this study would be an important measure for China to actively and steadily promote the “dual carbon” work.