Cultivated land is a typical semi-natural and semi-artificial composite ecosystem, and cultivated land ecosystem services have become a hot spot and frontier in the field of cultivated land resources research. However, the research on cultivated land ecosystem services mostly followed the one-way cascade logic of "distribution pattern-ecological process-service capacity-human well-being", and paid less attention to the interaction between natural ecology and human society in the cultivated land system. Moreover, there are still great challenges in applying the existing research fundings to the management of regional cultivated land ecosystem services. The framework of social-ecological system has gradually become a general but adaptable framework in the field of sustainability research, with a particular focus on the interdependence between social and environmental changes, as well as how these interdependent connections affect the achievement of sustainable development goals and other issues. Thus, based on the general analysis framework of social-ecological system with "resource units, resource systems, users and governance systems" as the main body, this study constructed an analysis framework of cultivated land ecosystem service from the perspective of social-ecological system. Specifically, the capacity of cultivated land ecosystem services is a reflection of the state of resource system; The resource system is composed of resource units and is influenced by them, and the capacity of cultivated land ecosystem services are determined by the structure and processes of social and ecological units; Users are stakeholders of ecosystem services in the cultivated land system, and the management of cultivated land ecosystem services needs to be centered around the "users". That is, the level of human well-being is the ultimate manifestation of whether cultivated land ecosystem services meet the needs of the "users" system; The governance system is composed of a series of policies and plans, which affects the capacity of the cultivated land ecosystem services. Based on the above analysis framework, we put forward the theoretical logic and research framework of cultivated land ecosystem service management with the context of "background diagnosis-interaction analysis-mechanism revelation-governance path". This helps to clarify the supply-demand and trade-off relationship of ecosystem services in the interaction between the ecological and social subsystems of cultivated land, as well as their mutual impact on human well-being. It also reveals the causal and feedback mechanisms of the evolution of cultivated land ecosystem services in the social-ecological systems, so as to analyze the complex relationship between the elements of cultivated land ecosystem subsystem and human society subsystem, and enrich the man-land relationship theory of cultivated land ecosystem service. It provides theoretical reference and practical reference for promoting the multi-functional protection of cultivated land and realizing the sustainable development of cultivated land resources.