The Southwest Alpine and Canyon Area covers the "Seven Mountain Ranges and Six Rivers" in the Hengduan Mountains Region of China. It serves as an important ecological security barrier for the national "Three Zones and Four Belts" strategy and plays a crucial role in safeguarding national ecological security and promoting high-quality regional development. Due to the complex terrain and diverse planting methods of various ethnic groups, the region exhibits significant differentiation in soil erosion, with complex causes and prominent conflicts. Additionally, the accuracy in monitoring and forecasting soil erosion in the area is much lower, and the severity of soil erosion has been underestimated, making soil erosion a serious constraint on the region's sustainable socio-economic development. In view of the zonal law and its key driving mechanism of soil and water loss differentiation and evolution, the response and its prevention and control mechanism of soil and water loss to agricultural cultivation, high and steep terrain, karst geology, freeze-thaw and other complex driving conditions, as well as the overall improvement of ecological service function and the countermeasures of ecological production coordination in ethnic gathering areas, the research team selected Lanping, Yunlong, Yongsheng, Kangding and Bomi County as typical demonstration areas to carry out the "National Key R & D Program of China" named "Technology and Demonstration of Comprehensive Prevention and Control of Soil and Water Loss in Southwest Alpine and Canyon Areas (2022YFF1302900)". The main line of this research is the differentiation law and comprehensive prevention and control of soil and water loss in different types of alpine and canyon areas in Southwest China. Comprehensive soil erosion control and demonstration research should be carried out at three levels(basic theoretical research, technology model development, and integrated optimization demonstration), the focus is on studying the characteristics, evolution patterns, and key driving factors of soil erosion in different types of alpine canyon areas, elucidating the response mechanisms of soil erosion to the combined effects of multiple forces such as freeze-thaw and karst processes, as well as agricultural planting patterns, developing optimized soil erosion models and intelligent soil and water conservation monitoring technologies, and establishing technical models for soil erosion control and ecological industry. Consequently, the bottleneck of high-precision soil erosion prediction model and monitoring techniques will be overcame, and the multi-objective integrated soil erosion control technology system, which aims to enhance the overall ecosystem services, consists of "soil erosion control-ecosystem services-ethnic economic development" will be achieved. Finally, this study will provide scientific basis and technical support for soil and water conservation, ecological civilization construction, and rural revitalization in southwest alpine canyon area.