Hydropower development has a significant impact on the ecosystem services of river basins. The providers of ecosystem services, hydropower companies and native people constitute the core stakeholders in the development of hydropower in river basins. Accurately identifying the roles these stakeholders play in the development of hydropower in river basins is crucial for establishing and implementing ecological compensation mechanisms. Existing research has mostly evaluated ecosystem services from the perspective of stakeholders, with a quantitative analysis focusing on economic gains and losses, lacking research on how ecosystem services impact stakeholders. This study takes the Lhasa River Basin in the Tibet Autonomous Region as the research area and selects water yield service, soil conservation service, and flood mitigation service closely related to hydropower development. First, the InVEST model is used to assess the supply-demand relationship of these three services. Then, the ecosystem service assessment results are input into the social network model for stakeholder analysis, quantifying the connection degree between interest groups, and further exploring the centrality and cohesive subgroups of ecosystem service providers and demanders within the context of hydropower development, revealing the network structure and connection strength between different stakeholders. The results show that: (1) Mozhugongka County, Linzhou County, and Jiali County are the main providers of ecosystem services, located at the center of the social network of ecosystem service supply, with centrality of 1.75, 1.48 and 1.30 respectively. (2) Zhongku Hydropower Station and Pangduo Hydropower Station are at the center of the demand networks for the three ecosystem services, with the highest centrality and centrality index of 0.37 and 0.41, 0.35 and 0.38 respectively, which are 5.6 and 5.3 times the average centrality of the other three power stations. (3) Gongcuo Village and Ningbu Village are at the center of the social network of farmers' and pastoralists' perception of the impact of hydropower development, with centralities of 3.54 and 2.41 respectively, and Gongcuo Village has the highest relative degree centrality and centrality index of 31.611 and 0.170.This study combines ecosystem service assessment and social network analysis to develop a quantitative analysis method based on ecosystem services, clearly depicting the inter-relationships between different stakeholders in the hydropower development of the Lhasa River Basin, and revealing that the connection strength between stakeholders is jointly influenced by their own attributes and the supply-demand status of ecosystem services. This research can also provide scientific basis for formulating ecological compensation strategies for hydropower development and valuable theoretical support and practical guidance for promoting the sustainable use of river basin water resources.