Plant community and soil characteristics of alpine meadow could be obviously changed by both overgrazing and plateau pika outbreaks. This paper takes alpine meadow in Keqihetan, Henan Mongolian Autonomous County, Qinghai province as an example to study pika disturbance and mowing effects on plant community and soil physical and chemical properties in alpine meadow through a five-year controlled experiment. Mowing intensity and pika density are taken as two disturbance factors on vegetation community and soil in alpine meadow. The study results show that: (1) Mowing intensity, pika density and their interaction obviously interfere with vegetation height and coverage (P <0.05). During the 5-year experimental period, the coverage of vegetation community decreased significantly. There are significant differences in vegetation coverage, aboveground biomass, importance values of the functional groups of Gramineae, Cyperaceae, Leguminosae and Forbs, Simpson index, Shannon-Wiener index, species evenness index and species richness index of vegetation communities among different years (P <0.05). (2) Total nitrogen and phosphorus raise as time and mowing density increase, then they both decline. Duration, mowing intensity, and their interaction has significant effects on soil temperature (P <0.05), and heavy mowing treatment increase soil temperature (P <0.05) significantly. Pika density, duration, mowing intensity, and their interaction has significant effects on total nitrogen and phosphorus (P <0.01). Plateau pika density increase brings a significant decrease in soil pH, and the pH decreases by 0.23 under high density treatment compared with no pika treatment. Meanwhile pika density has no significant effects on soil total nitrogen and phosphorus content. Therefore, moderate mowing is conducive to the restoration of the degraded alpine meadow vegetation and soil. In addition, identifying and setting the ecological thresholds of grazing intensity and plateau pika density in the degraded alpine meadow are critical to achieve sustainable and high-quality development of grassland animal husbandry.