Urban biodiversity is an important component of global biodiversity. Cities are the core areas of concern in multidiscipline such as geography, ecology, and landscape architecture. The degradation of urban ecosystems directly or indirectly interferes with urban habitats and causes regional biodiversity loss. To achieve the two sustainable development goals of sustainable cities and communities (SDG11) and Life on Land (SDG15), enhancing urban biodiversity is currently a hot topic in the field of urban biodiversity research. The regulation and construction of sustainable landscape pattern is a possible way to enhance biodiversity, and the interaction between urban habitat and biodiversity is a core scientific issue of sustainable landscape pattern construction. Understanding the interaction between the two is the foundation for landscape pattern regulation. Our research proposes a shift in the study of sustainable urban landscape patterns: from the construction of passively adaptive ecological security pattern of biodiversity protection to the construction of sustainable urban landscape patterns which provides active regulation of biodiversity enhancement. It also points out that the current biodiversity enhancement oriented sustainable urban landscape pattern faces a lot of difficulties and problems, including the lack of widely recognized modeling methods, the controversy over the choice of landscape element indicators, the lack of universal conclusions on the threshold value of landscape elements, and how to use the threshold value to guide the spatial planning for diversity enhancement are yet to be explored. By restoring and constructing urban habitats at the patch scale, and constructing sustainable landscape pattern and connectivity for enhancing urban biodiversity at the landscape scale, and urban biodiversity planning at the regional scale, a sustainable landscape pattern approach is provided for the protection and enhancement of urban biodiversity. It will provide a scientific approach to the conservation and maintenance of urban biodiversity, enable biodiversity conservation to succeed in the changing urban environment, and promote the theoretical and practical development of urban landscape ecology.