H. ammodendron is a pioneer tree species to prevent wind and sand and improve the ecological environment, but there are bottlenecks of low survival rate and slow growth in the planting process. Scientific and reasonable irrigation protection is the key to ensure the survival and healthy growth of H. ammodendron seedlings. Over the years, the research on H. ammodendron irrigation protection technology mainly focuses on a single irrigation method or protection measure. There is a lack of sufficient understanding of the comprehensive comparison and difference analysis of multiple irrigation protection measures, which to a certain extent restricts the optimal selection and rational application of irrigation protection measures. In view of this, four types of irrigation protection measures were set up: traditional surface drip irrigation (TSDI), non-irrigation vertical pipe protection (NIPP), vertical pipe surface drip irrigation (PSDI), and non-irrigation non-protection (NINP). The differences in soil moisture distribution and the survival rate of H. ammodendron seedlings under the different measures were compared through the field cylinder planting experiment, and the root characteristics of H. ammodendron were analyzed under the different measures and the combination of vertical pipe parameters (pipe diameter and burial depth). The results showed that soil moisture increased with depth under the four measures, and the soil water content at the same depth in the same period showed the pattern of PSDI ＞ NIPP ＞ TSDI ＞ NINP; one year after transplanting, there were significant differences in the survival rate of H. ammodendron seedlings under the different measures, with the highest survival rate of 88.9% under the measure of PSDI, and the lowest survival rate of 11.1% under the measure of NINP, while the survival rates under NIPP and TSDI measures were between PSDI and NINP, 81.5% and 44.4%, respectively. Among the four irrigation protection measures, the maximum values of H. ammodendron root biomass, primary root growth and various morphological indicators (total root length, total root surface area, total root volume, average root diameter and number of root tips) were found in PSDI, and the root biomass, primary root growth and each morphological index in NIPP were better than in TSDI but not as good as in PSDI, while they were all at the minimum in the NINP model; The vertical pipe parameters in the PSDI measures had a significant effect on the growth of the H. ammodendron root system (P ＜ 0.05), and at the same pipe diameter, the root biomass, primary root growth and root morphology indexes showed a tendency to increase and then decrease with the increase of the burial depth, while the root-shoot ratio showed a pattern of decreasing and then increasing; At the same burial depth, the root biomass, primary root growth and root morphology indexes increased with the increase of the pipe diameter, while the root-shoot ratio decreased with the increase of the pipe diameter. In the overall analysis, the PSDI measures were the most advantageous to the root growth and development of 1-year-old H. ammodendron under the four measures, and the optimal combination of the vertical pipe parameters under the three pipe diameters (9, 11 cm, and 16 cm) and burial depths (10, 15 cm, and 20 cm) was 16 cm for the diameter of the pipe and 15 cm for the depth of the buried pipe.