The grassland industry system not only produces grass and livestock products but also offers ecological protection for humans. Achieving carbon balance is a crucial objective in managing its health. Many studies on grassland systems' carbon balance concentrate on subsystem-level cycle processes and flow mechanisms such as vegetation photosynthetic carbon fixation, litter decomposition dynamics, and soil organic carbon pool turnover, research addressing large-scale spatial heterogeneity patterns remains comparatively scarce, thereby constraining the accurate assessment of regional carbon sequestration potential and the development of targeted management strategies.Thus, this study targets the grassland industry system in eastern China, selecting 22 cities and counties along the north-south Beijing-Harbin and Beijing-Guangzhou Lines to examine carbon balance's spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and influencing factors. The findings indicate: 1) The carbon sequestration capacity of grassland systems in eastern China exhibits latitudinal zonality, the eastern prataculture system's carbon sink was greater in the northeast and lesser in the southeast, with carbon uptake rising by 9.71t/hm2 per 1° latitude increase; Carbon efficiency was lower in the northeast and higher in the southeast. With the increase of latitude, the carbon efficiency of county (city) pratacultural system increased. 2) In cities with an adult population structure in eastern regions, the expansion of grassland area leads to a logarithmic increase in carbon sequestration, but its marginal carbon fixation benefit diminishes as the area expands.In the eastern senile structure area, the expansion of grassland area has a particularly significant effect on enhancing carbon sequestration, the grassland area increased by 1hm2, and the net carbon fixation increased by 16.432t. 3) The carbon balance of grassland system was negatively correlated with the average annual temperature and rainfall, When the annual average temperature of a region exceeds the 5°C threshold, the system as a whole exhibits a trend of carbon emission, leading to a weakening of its carbon sequestration function. Meanwhile, there is a positive correlation between the area of grassland per capita and the system's carbon balance,the per capita grassland area exceeded 0.27hm2, and the maximum carbon sequestration reached 341.3 t hm-2 a-1. On the solid foundation of comprehensive carbon balance analysis, we meticulously propose tailored regionally heterogeneous optimization management strategies, which are customized according to the natural, economic, and social characteristics of different regions, in order to address the unique characteristics, challenges, and needs of diverse geographical areas. Alternatively stated, based on carbon balance analysis, this study advocates for regionally specific optimization management strategies, aiming to provide systematic solutions for achieving the "dual carbon" goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality.