National Parks are the ecological security barrier of the country. Under the realistic dilemma of the increasingly prominent supply-demand contradiction between the degradation of ecosystem service and the improvement of human well-being, clarifying the coupling and coordination relationship between ecosystem services and human well-being is fundamental for the scientific management of National Parks and is also a core requirement for sustainable development. Based on the data of land use, statistical yearbooks and questionnaire survey, the coupling coordination model was employed to analyze the coupling coordination relationship between ecosystem services and well-being of farmers and herdsmen during the pilot construction process of Qilian Mountain National Park. The results indicated that: (1) The promotion of National Park construction has mainly enhanced the ecosystem service value from glaciers, while the spatial energy value aggregation characteristics were characterized by high value areas distributed in patches, and low value areas mainly distributed in the northwest region. (2) The well-being level of farmers and herdsmen has been constantly improving, especially in the basic material needs; moreover, there was a spatial differentiation pattern of lower in the middle and higher in the east and west. (3) The coupling coordination between ecosystem service and the well-being of farmers and herdsmen showed an unbalanced trend, with the main characteristics were as follows: "declining moderate coordination areas, increased run-in areas, and over two-thirds of the regions where ecosystem services lagged behind the development of well-being"; furthermore, there was a spatial characteristic of "aggregation of severely unbalanced areas, gradual flaky of run-in areas, and gradual fragmentation of moderately coordinated areas".