鸫科候鸟迁徙时间模式的种内和种间差异分析
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明溪县林业局鸟类环志与迁徙研究(一期)资助项目(KH210257A);国家自然科学基金项目(31700345)


Analysis on intraspecific and interspecific differences in timing patterns of migration of thrushes (Turdidae)
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    摘要:

    时间是限制鸟类迁徙活动的关键因素之一。鸫科候鸟两性不同的身体特征以及成幼不同的换羽模式可能使它们的秋季迁徙停歇模式出现较大的种内差异。于2021年和2022年秋季,在福建省明溪县开展鸫鸟环志,共环志了643只鸫科候鸟,包括白眉鸫 (Turdus obscurus)(364只)、灰背鸫 (T. hortulorum)(161只)、乌灰鸫 (T. cardis)(59只)、虎斑地鸫 (Zoothera aurea)(15只), 白腹鸫 (T. pallidus)(20只), 白眉地鸫 (Geokichla sibirica)(3只) 和斑鸫 (T. eunomus)(1只)。比较了三种优势鸫的迁徙时序和身体特征的种内和种间差异,分析了它们的迁徙动态,以及翅长和脂肪级分布。结果显示,白眉鸫和乌灰鸫成鸟的抵达时间分别比幼鸟早2天和3天。三种鸫的抵达时间都没有性别差异。白眉鸫的抵达时间比灰背鸫和乌灰鸫分别晚3天和2天。白眉鸫成鸟的翅长显著长于幼鸟,而灰背鸫和乌灰鸫的翅长没有显著差异,拥有更长的翅膀可能是白眉鸫成鸟比幼鸟先到的原因。白眉鸫和灰背鸫的翅尖指数随到达时间呈显著下降的趋势,脂肪含量则随到达时间显著上升,表明这两种鸫存在迁徙距离较长的个体更早到达,并且脂肪水平较低的规律。三种鸫的迁徙高峰期均少于10天,平均脂肪级均小于2级,表明鸫科候鸟可能采取了能量最小对策,并在较短时间内集中通过明溪。明溪县是鸫科候鸟重要的中途停歇地。应做好栖息地保护工作,为鸫科候鸟提供高质量的栖息环境。在鸫科候鸟的迁徙高峰期间,应尽可能减少人为干扰,以免影响鸫类的停歇活动。

    Abstract:

    For birds, timing is one of the key factors that limit their migration activities. The different physical characteristics in both sexes and the different molting patterns in both ages may lead to the great differences in timing of autumn migration. In October and November of 2021 and 2022, 643 thrushes were banded in Mingxi County. A total of seven species were banded, including Eyebrowed Thrush (Turdus obscurus) (364), Grey-backed Thrush (T. hortulorum) (161), Japanese Thrush (T. cardis) (79), White's Thrush (Zoothera aurea) (15), Pale Thrush (T. pallidus) (20), Siberian Thrush (Geokichla sibirica) (3) and Dusky Thrush (T. eunomus) (1). The intraspecific and interspecific differences in timing of migration and biometric characteristics among three dominant species were compared. Their migration dynamics, wing length and fat score distribution were analyzed. The arrival time of adults in Eyebrowed Thrush was, significantly, 2 days earlier than that of immatures, and adult Japanese Thrushes arrived 3 days earlier than immatures. No significant differences in arrival time were found between sexes for the three species. The arrival time of Eyebrowed Thrush was, significantly, 3 days later than that of Grey-backed Thrush and 2 days later than that of Japanese Thrush. The wing length of adults was significantly longer than that of immatures in Eyebrowed Thrush, while there was no significant difference both in Grey-backed Thrush and Japanese Thrush, indicated that having longer wings may explain why the adults arrive before the immatures. The wing pointedness index of Eyebrowed Thrushes and the Grey-backed Thrushes decreased significantly with the arrival time, while fat content increased significantly with the arrival time, indicating that the individuals with longer migration distance arrived earlier and carried less fat. The migration peaks of the three species were less than 10 days, and the average fat score were less than 2, indicating that the three species adopted a strategy to minimize total energy expenditure during migration, passing through Mingxi in a relatively short time. As an important stopover sites for thrushes, the ecological environment in Mingxi County should be better protected to provide high quality habitat. Human disturbance should be reduced as much as possible during the migration peak, so as not to affect the resting activities of thrushes.

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周安强,陈莹,王一桐,孟凡囡,邓博文,杨颖,林报运,肖书平,刘健金,张坤和.鸫科候鸟迁徙时间模式的种内和种间差异分析.生态学报,2025,45(5):2505~2515

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