The spatial pattern was the result of the integrated development of plant populations influenced by both biotic and abiotic factors. In order to comprehend the adaptation strategy of spatial distribution patterns of Agropyron mongolicum populations in response to external environmental changes, the study plots were selected within communities where A. mongolicum was the dominant species in Dashuikeng Town, Qingshan Town, Huamachi Town, and Gaoshawo Town in Yanchi County, Ningxia (represented by plots D, Q, H and G, respectively). The size of A. mongolicum individuals was used to categorize them into four groups: Class I (0─5cm), Class II (5.1─10cm), Class III (10.1─15cm) and Class IV (>15cm). The cluster structure, spatial distribution patterns and intraspecific correlations of A. mongolicum were discussed basing on point pattern analysis. The results showed that: (1) The important values and niche widths of A. mongolicum and Lespedeza potaninii were large, with a higher niche overlap index between them, while other species showed greater variation among different plots. (2) There were significant differences in plant density and average diameter among different plots (P<0.05). In the Q, G and H plots, Class I plant clusters were dominant. In the D plots, the proportion of Class II plant clusters was the highest at 43.98%, with a lower plant cluster density. (3) Within the scale range of this study, the A. mongolicum population mainly exhibited an aggregated distribution in Q and G plots, and an alternating pattern of aggregation and randomness in D and H plots. Specifically, the Class I plant clusters were primarily clustered at small scales, the Class II clusters transitioned from clustered to random and uniform distribution with the increase of scale, and the Classes III and IV clusters were predominantly randomly distributed. (4) There was negative or no correlation between Class I and Classes II, III and IV cluster at all scales. Within the scale of this study, there was no correlation between Class II, III and IV clusters. In conclusion, with the changes of environmental conditions in desert steppe, the population renewal and stability of A. mongolicum can be maintained by adjusting its population structure, density and overall distribution pattern.