Soil microorganisms play an important role in biogeochemical cycles of terrestrial ecosystems. Afforestation significantly affected the structure and function of soil microbial community. However, the effects of variation of soil physical and chemical properties driven by afforestation in the initial stage on the structure and function of soil microorganisms remain unknown. In this study, we analyzed the soil fungal community composition and functional groups and soil physical and chemical properties of the surface layer (0-20 cm) in three newly mixed forests composed of precious native tree species (BB: Ginkgo biloba and Phoebe zhennan; CB: Toona sinensis and Taxus wallichiana and Phoebe zhennan; MB: Liriodendron chinense and Michelia chapensis and Yulania denudata and Toona sinensis), and compared them with an unforested land (CK), to explore the response of soil fungal community structure and function to the initial afforestation of three forest types. The results showed as follows: The richness and diversity index of soil fungal community in different forest types were higher than CK, showing MB＞BB＞CB＞CK, which was mainly affected by soil porosity and available nitrogen(AN). There was no significant difference in the dominant groups of soil fungal community at phylum level among different treatments. Ascomycetes are predominant fungal group, and the relative abundance of Mortierellomycota in MB was significantly higher than that in CK (P＜0.05). The relative abundance of Glomeromycota and Leptodiscella were lower in all forest types compared with CK. The results of NMDS and Adonis analysis showed that there were significant differences in soil fungal community structure between afforestation and CK (P＜0.01). RDA analysis showed that the factors such as total potassium (TK), AN, soil bulk density (SBD) and carbon-to-nitrogen ratio (C/N) were the main factors affecting fungal community indicator species. Mortierellomycota were mainly positively correlated with AN, C/N, total nitrogen (TN), non-capillary porosity (NCP), soil water content (SWC),and mainly negatively correlation with TK. Saprotroph group was identified as the most dominate trophic group, followed by pathotroph. After afforestation, the relative abundance of Saprotroph decreased, while the relative abundance of soil saprotroph increased significantly in BB and MB (P<0.05). The relative abundance of animal pathogen significantly increased in MB (P<0.05). The dominant functional groups of fungi were mainly affected by soil pH, soil porosity, C/N, soil organic matter (SOM), TN and TK. The community structure and functional groups of soil fungi changed significantly in the early stage of afforestation, and the variation of broad-leaved mixed forest was more obvious than that of coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest, and the pathogen was higher in a mixed broad-leaved forest consisted of more species than other forest type.