Turpan and Hami cities are one of the most serious salinization hazardous areas in China, and clarifying their ecological change and driving mechanisms is of great significance to the ecological environmental protection of Turpan-Hami region. Based on the Google earth engine (GEE) platform, the Landsat images were screened from June to September in 2005-2020, and Construction of an Improved Remote Sensing Ecological Index (SRSEI) to Assess the Ecological Environment of Turpan-Hami Area based on the greenness (SVAI), humidity (Wet), heat (LST), dryness (NDBSI), and salinity (NDSI). The results show that: (1) SRSEI used SAVI instead of NDVI and added the salinity indicator (NDSI), Compared with RSEI, it has a higher contribution rate of the first principal component, which can evaluate the ecological environment quality of Turpan-Hami area more comprehensively and objectively.(2) On the time scale, the SRSEI in Turpan-Hami region decreased and then increased from 2005 to 2020 and the average value reached 0.5575 in 2020. The proportion of mediocre and favorable areas changed significantly, with the proportion of mediocre areas decreased by 11.54% and the proportion of favorable areas increased by 30.15%. The future trend of ecological environment change would also be dominated by improvement. On the spatial scale, the ecological quality of the Western mountain mesa plain and the central Mochinula mountains was mostly excellent and favorable.The mediocre areas were mainly concentrated in the southern Kashun Gobi.(3) Mean annual precipitation, mean annual temperature and gross domestic product were the main controls driving changes in the SRSEI, with q-values greater than 0.092.Compared with the influence of a single factor on the ecological environment, the two-factor interaction produces a stronger influence, and the average annual precipitation ∩ GDP is the strongest interaction factor driving the ecological environment changes in the Turpan-Hami region.