Microplastics (MPs), as an emerging class of pollutants has become a global concern, and is receiving increasing attention. MPs are considered ubiquitous in soil ecosystems and continuous migration and transformation, which generates the potential risk on soil ecosystems and biodiversity. In order to comprehensively assess the environmental risk of MPs in soil and strengthen the risk control of MPs pollution, the types of MPs in the soil environment were discussed in detail, and the carrier effect and migration behavior of MPs from soil were systematically elaborated in this paper as well. In addition, we performed a systematic literature review to identify the potential risk of MPs in soil from four perspectives: microorganism, plant, animal, and human. The MPs did not exist independently, and on coexist with other contaminants in the soil environment. On the one hand, toxicity of MPs can be caused by the plastic polymers themselves, the particles or by the additives they contain. On the other hand, MPs are potential carriers of some hazardous substances, such as persistent organic pollutants, heavy metals, antibiotic resistance genes, and pathogenic microorganisms. MPs in soil inevitably undergo complex aging transformation and transport process all the time under the effect of either biotic (e.g. plant growth and the daily activity of animals) or abiotic (e.g. leaching and gravity) processes. As a result, contamination of soils by MPs further exacerbates the effects on the soil ecosystem. Because of their small grain size, MPs can easily enter into the food chain and transmit them layer by layer, thus adversely affecting the normal physiological activities of organisms at different trophic levels, including affecting the metabolism, growth, development and reproduction of soil animals and plants. Furthermore, MPs have not only been found in the environment, but also in the human body. MPs can enter the body through various routes, including dietary intake, breathing inhalation, and skin contact, which may cause a series of side effects on human health. Although there is still inadequate evidence to prove the direct harm of MPs to human body, their potential risk should not be ignored. Finally, we explored the strategies for the management of soil MPs pollution, and provided a perspective on future research directions and priorities for soil MPs pollution. This comprehensive review will help to deepen the understanding of soil MPs pollution, and at the same time provides valuable scientific clues and theoretical references for a better carrying out toxicological research and risk assessment of soil MPs pollution.