Major public health and safety events that occur on a global scale have the potential to drastically alter the lifestyle of individuals residing in urban areas. These events can introduce changes that may negatively impact their overall well-being. In order to study the changes in residents' demand for urban green space (UGS) types and their ecosystem services (ES), with the aim of enabling urban residents to benefit more from UGS when major public health events occur, this paper used questionnaire survey data, statistical analysis methods such as Kruskal-Wallis test, cluster analysis, spatial autocorrelation analysis to analyze the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of urban residents' demand for UGS types and their ES during the early, middle, and late periods of the COVID-19 pandemic. The results showed that: ① As the progression of time unfolded, there was a noticeable decrease in the disparity of residents' demand for the same category of UGS and ES within identical time frames. During the early and middle phases of the epidemic, the types of UGS that residents most strongly desired were those of attached green spaces and park green spaces. Conversely, the types of UGS that garnered the least amount of demand were regional green spaces. In the early phase of the epidemic, there was a generally robust demand from residents for ES. The ES that were most demanded during the early and middle stages were those that contributed to the beautification of the city and provided a means for relaxation of the body and mind. In the late period, the types of UGS with the strongest demand and the smallest demand are attached green space and park green space respectively. ② The degree of spatial evolution pertaining to residents' demand for various types of UGS was observed to be greater than that of the demand for ES across all three periods under consideration. ③ There was a pronounced spatial heterogeneity in the demand from residents for UGS and their corresponding ES. The majority of these demands were distributed randomly. However, in the late period, the demand for four specific types of UGS exhibited a pattern of agglomeration. These demands were primarily concentrated in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, and Shandong Province. The outcomes of this study have the potential to offer substantial scientific backing for the strategic planning and sustainable utilization of UGS and ES. This is particularly relevant in the context of future significant public health incidents. The ultimate objective of these efforts is to enhance the protection and promotion of the well-being and quality of life of urban residents.