Construction of ecological security pattern is of great significance for ensuring regional ecological security and optimizing the territorial ecological space. Ecological resilience assessment is an important issue for high quality urban development. Taking Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan (CZT) urban agglomeration as the study area, the ecological security pattern (ESP) was constructed based on the method of ecological source identification-resistance surface construction-ecological corridor extraction. Key ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration and oxygen release, soil conservation, and water conservation were evaluated to identify the ecological sources. The resistance surfaces were constructed by integrating natural conditions and human influences. Ecological corridors were identified by using Linkage Mapper tool based on the least cost path theory. An ecological resilience assessment framework was proposed based on the construction of ecological security pattern, then the ecological resilience was assessed by using Fragstats and Conefor Sensinode. The results showed that: (1) There were 55 ecological sources in the CZT urban agglomeration, with a total area of 7747.75 km², accounting for 27.58% of the CZT urban agglomeration. The ecological sources were mainly located in the east and south, and few were in the west. Forest land was the main component of ecological sources. There were 113 ecological corridors with a total length of 1458.97 km. The length of the ecological corridors ranged from 0.04 km to 102.70 km, and the average length of the corridors was 12.91 km. Most ecological corridors were distributed in the west of the study area. Few were distributed in the center of the study area. (2) Combining the ecological sources and ecological corridors, the "one point and one circle" ecological security pattern of CZT urban agglomeration was constructed. It improved the central area's ecological condition of CZT urban agglomeration. (3) The resilience index of 55 ecological sources in the study area ranged from 0.1265 to 0.4682. The resilience index of the ecological sources was high in the east and south, but low in the west and north. The resilience index of 113 ecological corridors ranged from 0.0027 to 0.8002. Corridors with high resilience were mainly distributed in the east and south of the study area, while corridors with low resilience were distributed in the west and north areas. The resilience index of ecological corridors in the center of the study area was also low. However, these corridors played an important role in balancing urban development and environmental protection and needed to be protected. The western and central parts of the study area might become the key areas that affect the ecological security of the CZT urban agglomeration the most, and should receive special attention in the process of urban planning. The results can help to optimize urban spatial layout, maintain regional ecological security and promote regional integration development, and provide new insights for assessing regional ecological resilience.