The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of different perennial gramineae grasslands on soil nematode communities and the variations of soil nematode communities with increasing cultivation years of the artificial grasslands on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. The study was conducted on two perennial gramineae monoculture grasslands of Elymus nutans and Elymus sibiricus in Hongyuan County, northwestern Sichuan, with natural grassland as the control. Soil nematode communities, plants, and soil were monitored in September from 2018 to 2020. A total of 38 470 soil nematode individuals belonged into 2 classes, 8 orders, 65 families, and 172 genera, were extracted. The abundance of soil nematode community was 2482 ind./100g dry soil, and bacterivore was the dominant trophic group. The taxonomic composition of soil nematode communities in E. nutans and E. sibiricus plots differed from those in the natural grassland, but the difference decreased gradually with the increasing cultivation years. The abundance increased but the Pielou index decreased significantly with the increasing cultivation years, and no significant change was observed for the richness and Shannon index. The abundance and relative abundance of plant parasites increased significantly in the second year and was one of the main trophic groups. There were no significant difference in the ecological indices of nematode community among different grasslands, but the Basal index of nematode community increased and then decreased significantly with the cultivation years (P<0.05). The results from redundancy analysis and regression analysis showed that the taxonomic composition structure, abundance, and ecological index of soil nematode communities were mainly affected by the root nutrient contents of total K, ether extract, and crude fiber, with the abundance was correlated positively with the contents of total K and ether extract but negatively with the contents of crude fiber in the roots. The root nutrient content of perennial gramineae artificial grassland in alpine region is an important factor affecting soil nematode community.