基于多模态生态治理数据构建生态管理知识图谱技术
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自然资源部城市国土资源监测与仿真重点实验室基金项目(KF-2022-07-013);国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFC3802903);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)(XDA23030403);城市与区域生态国家重点实验室自主项目(SKLURE2022-2-5)


Preliminary study on the construction of ecological management knowledge graph technology based on the data of multimodal ecological governance
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Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Urban Land Resources Monitoring and Simulation, Ministry of Natural Resources(KF-2022-07-013);National key research and development plan project(2022YFC3802903);Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA23030403);The Open-end Fund of State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology(SKLURE2022-2-5)

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    摘要:

    我国新时代十年是生态环境保护认识最深、力度最大、举措最实、推进最快、成效最显著的十年。生态环境治理取得成效的同时,管理措施也逐步成熟和规范化,相关生态管理知识成果的文本、视频、照片等多模态数据也日益丰厚。采用先进的知识图谱理念创新我国生态环境保护工作,对未来助力打赢污染防治攻坚战,构建现代环境治理体系具有重要意义。聚焦我国美丽中国和生态文明建设工程领域,将典型污染防治攻坚战、生态恢复工程多模态素材作为数据源,通过数据整合、知识抽取、知识融合后形成标准知识表述,构建生态管理知识图谱体系。具体包括(1)定量分析深圳市"散乱污"企业整治成功案例数据,抽取管理主体、管理对象等实体,挖掘其空间特征、污染特征、治理效果关系;(2)关联分析企业驻点、污染物热点和城市空间相互关系;(3)通过我国典型生态环境损害赔偿案件中的"实施行为-破坏对象-损害功能"特定关系分析,抽取"生态治理行为--受影响环境要素--生态服务提升程度"生态环境管理知识图谱;(4)最终形成了整合"散乱污"治理、生态环境治理行为的综合性生态管理知识图谱,构建了包含12类本体、82个实体,4类、201条关系的图数据库。研究表明,通过污染防治攻坚战成功案例、生态恢复工程成效的多模态数据构建我国生态管理知识图谱,能够形成贴近现实需求的知识体系,有助于依法治污、科学治污和精准治污全过程;也有助于生态环境损害鉴定评估工作中的"多因一果"和"一因多果"分析。建议未来加大生态管理知识图谱的应用,精准识别管理对象、实现科学分析与智能决策,促进公众参与生态管理和加快生态产品价值实现。

    Abstract:

    The decade of China's New Era has been characterized by the most profound understanding, extraordinary efforts, practical measures, rapid advancement, and notable achievements in ecological and environmental protection. While ecological environment governance has become effective, the managers' measures have gradually matured and become standardized, and the array of texts, videos, photos, and other multimodal data reflecting ecological management knowledge is expanding. The adoption of the advanced knowledge graph concept in ecological environmental protection is crucial to winning the future battle against pollution and constructing a modern environmental governance system. Focusing on the field of beautiful China and ecological civilization construction engineering, the multimodal materials of typical pollution prevention and control battles and ecological restoration engineering are used as data sources, and standard knowledge representations are formed after data integration, knowledge extraction, and knowledge fusion. The ecological management knowledge graph system is initially constructed. Specifically, it includes (1) A quantitative analysis of successful rectification case data from "Dispersed, Disrupted, and Polluted" enterprises in Shenzhen city, including the extraction of management subjects, management objects, and other entities, and the exploration of their spatial characteristics, pollution characteristics, and governance effect relationship. (2) Correlation analysis of enterprise domicile, pollutant hot spot, and urban space mutual relationship. (3) Through analysis of specific relationship between implementation behavior-destruction object-damage function in typical ecological environmental damage compensation cases in China, the knowledge graph of ecological environmental management based on ecological governance behavior-affected environmental factors-ecological service enhancement degree was extracted. (4) Finally, a comprehensive ecological management knowledge graph integrating "Dispersed, Disrupted, and Polluted" treatment and ecological environment management behavior was formed, and a graph database containing 12 ontologies, 82 entities, 4 categories, and 201 relationships was initially constructed. The research shows that the construction of China's ecological management knowledge graph through the multi-modal data of the successful cases of pollution prevention and control and the effectiveness of ecological restoration projects can form a knowledge system close to the practical needs, and contribute to the whole process of pollution control according to law, scientific pollution control and accurate pollution control. It also contributes to the analysis of "multiple causes and one effect" and "one cause and multiple effects" in identifying and assessing ecological environmental damage. We suggested to increase the application of ecological management knowledge graph in the future, accurately identify management objects, achieve scientific analysis and intelligent decision-making, promote public participation in ecological management, and accelerate the realization of the value of ecological products.

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郑晓云,董仁才,练岸鑫,蔡粤,王泽瑞.基于多模态生态治理数据构建生态管理知识图谱技术.生态学报,2024,44(9):3924~3933

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