National parks are an important institutional practice in the construction of ecological civilization in China. The scientific assessment of their ecosystem health is the basis for national park zoning management, spatial control and ecological protection. National park ecosystems are unique and complex while different from urban, watershed and wetland ecosystems. It is urgent to establish a set of ecosystem health measurement models suitable for national park ecosystems. Based on the special characteristics of national park ecosystems, the multidimensional nature of the concept of ecosystem health and the current situation of ecosystem health assessment, the problems and shortcomings of existing models are discussed. On this basis, the species indicator method and the indicator system method are combined with the ecosystem characteristics of Chinese national parks, taking into account the reality that national park ecosystems interact closely with human activities. The VSR (Vigor, Service, Resilience) model is constructed to measure ecosystem health in national parks from three aspects of ecosystem health: internal biological attributes, external service attributes and internal and external integration of resilience to interference. In accordance with the three principles of indicator selection: relevance, feasibility and systematicity, the VSR model for measuring ecosystem health in national parks contains nine variables, namely, NPP, carbon stocks, soil retention, water conservation, habitat quality, tourism income, agroforestry products, fire risk and flood risk. In addition, the validity and stability of the "VSR" model are confirmed in the empirical analyses of Huangshan National Park. Specifically, the assessment results of ecosystem health in Huangshan National Park show that there are significant regional differences and spatial dependence in ecosystem health. The phenomenon of spiralling and spatial locking of ecosystem health in Huangshan National Park is present here through temporal changes in ecosystem health, regional spatial distribution, and inter-annual variations in ecosystem health. This contributes to a more scientific understanding of the specificity of national park ecosystems and the complexity of ecosystem health. Finally, by applying random forest regression and boosted regression tree models, the VSR model performs well in measuring ecosystem health in Huangshan National Park. In national parks. complex human-land relationships affect changes in ecosystem health, which act in a way that is not necessarily linear, but more often occurs in a coupled linear and non-linear way. For the ecosystem health of national parks, it is particularly important to strengthen the comprehensive knowledge of their ecological vitality, service capacity and resistance to disturbance, as well as the differentiated knowledge of ecosystem health in different types of national parks. The VSR national park ecosystem health measurement model effectively quantifies the spatial and temporal variability and spatial and temporal dynamics of national park ecosystem health, providing scientific support for the implementation of national park spatial control and ecological protection objectives.