Investigating the distribution pattern of non-structural carbohydrate content (NSC) in Chinese fir and its response to pruning is helpful to further understand the physiological characteristics of Chinese fir, and provide support for the establishment of reasonable pruning intensity in Chinese fir plantation. A pruning experiment was conducted in 18-year-old Chinese fir plantation, with control, low intensity pruning (75% crown length retention) and high intensity pruning (50% crown length retention). One-way ANOVA was used to compare the contents of NSC and its components (soluble sugar and starch) in different tissues/organs, as well as the effect of pruning on the contents of NSC and its components of fine roots and coarse roots. Repeated measurement ANOVA was used to analyze the effect of needle age, twig age, or tree height and pruning on the content of NSC and its components. The results showed that, the content of NSC and its components varied significantly among different tissues/organs of Chinese fir. Specifically, the soluble sugar contents of upper canopy needle, middle canopy needle and bark were the highest, with (90.00±3.62), (90.28±3.83), and (89.72±3.16) mg/g, respectively. The starch content ((78.08±20.85) mg/g) in the coarse root was the highest, and the total NSC content in the upper canopy needle was the highest with (148.25±4.89) mg/g. Moreover, the soluble sugar content in the middle canopy needle increased significantly with increasing needle age. In contrast, as twig age increased, the average soluble sugar content in the upper and lower twig decreased by 45.4% and 53.1%, respectively, and the average NSC content decreased by 32.9% and 39.7%, respectively. There is significant spatial variation in the content of NSC and its components in stem, and the soluble sugar and starch content of bark, sapwood, and heartwood varied differently with tree height. However, no significant effect of pruning on the contents of NSC and its components of fine roots and coarse roots was observed. In addition, the average starch content of the lower canopy needle under low intensity pruning was 18.6% and 19.1% higher, and the total NSC content was 15.3% and 23.7% higher than that of high intensity pruning and control, respectively. While high intensity pruning did not affect the contents of NSC and its components in all tissues/organs of Chinese fir. This study indicated that there is significant spatial variation in the NSC content of Chinese fir, and the low intensity pruning increase the NSC content of the lower canopy needle and the overall canopy NSC content compared to high intensity pruning, enhancing the carbon supply for Chinese fir.