Picea schrenkiana is a unique tree species in the Tianshan Mountains and a constructive species of the Tianshan forest community. Studying the elevation gradient changes of the population structure dynamics of this species helps to protect and manage this important forest resource. This article took the P. schrenkiana population in the Jiangbulake scenic area on the northern slope of the Eastern Tianshan Mountains as the research object, combinated portable backpack Lidar (LiBackpack) scanning and manual measurement verification, 27 sample plots with an area of 30 m×30 m (total area of 24300 square meters) were set up at an altitude gradient of 1800-2600 meters for survey and measurement. Based on the obtained tree diameter data, we created a static life table and survival curve for P. schrenkiana, calculated its population dynamic change index and time series prediction model, and analyzed the dynamic characteristics of P. schrenkiana population structure at different altitudes. The results indicate that overall, the population structure of P. schrenkiana of Jiangbulake Scenic Area is good, but the reserve of seedlings (DBH<5 cm) is significantly insufficient. The diameter class structure of the low and high altitude P. schrenkiana population shows an "inverted J type", while the middle to high altitude segment shows a "stable type". The population of P. schrenkiana has a common feature of high mortality rate among young trees at different altitudes. 2) The dynamic change index of P. schrenkiana population in medium altitude is the lowest. Risk rate is lowest for mid-altitude population. The survival ability of trees at mid altitude is the strongest, and the growth status of the P. schrenkiana population is the best at medium altitude. 3) The future dynamic update trend of the P. schrenkiana population in the research area is good. The time series prediction model shows that the number of individuals in the low altitude section II-VII diameter class, high altitude section II, IV-VII diameter class will show an increasing trend in the future 2, 4, 6, and 8 diameter classes. The variation in the number of individuals of different diameter classes is relatively small. It is recommended to adopt nurturing and thinning measures for individuals of low and high altitude P. schrenkiana populations. Areas with excessive deforestation should be transplanted with native seedlings to promote the development and renewal of P. schrenkiana populations; At the same time, management efforts should be increased to reduce human interference.