This article analyzed the spatiotemporal characteristics of Compound Drought and Heat Events (CDHEs) during the warm season in the Huaihe River Basin from 1981 to 2020, using temperature and relative humidity data from 149 meteorological stations in the basin. Through trend analysis and correlation analysis, the relationship between CDHEs and climate and vegetation is explored. The results show that: ① The number of CDHEs has a significant increasing trend on a decade scale, with an expanding range. The frequent has shifted towards the central and western regions of the Huaihe River Basin, indicating a significant trend. ② At the interannual scale, CDHEs show a significant fluctuating upward trend over time, with a spatial distribution centered in the northwest and decreasing towards the periphery. Continuous CDHEs events display interannual variability, with fluctuations in the occurrence of 2 to 4-day consecutive events, peaking in 2019 and scattered or clustered appearances throughout the basin. ③ At the monthly scale, CDHEs occur most frequently in June, followed by May, July, September, and August. These events are often triggered by pre-monsoon droughts and sudden shifts from drought to flood post\\monsoon. The southward migration during monthly variations contributes to the occurrence of CDHEs. ④ CDHEs are particularly sensitive to hydrothermal conditions and atmospheric circulation. Under the control of significant anti-cyclones at 850 hPa and significant high-pressure anomalies at 500 hPa, the climate background of high temperature, low humidity, high evaporation, and low precipitation is conducive to the formation of CDHEs in the central and western parts of the Huaihe River Basin. Therefore, the occurrence of CDHEs is closely related to climate change. ⑤ CDHEs have a substantial connection to the growth of vegetation. CDHEs are negatively correlated with gross primary productivity (GPP) and positively correlated with normalized differnce vegetation index (NDVI). The significant areas are mainly cultivated land and urban and rural areas, industrial and mining areas, and residential land. The asynchrony between GPP and NDVI may result from complex nonlinear interactions among various factors, rather than the influence of a single factor. Additionally, soil moisture plays a crucial role in both GPP and NDVI dynamics. In summary, this article provides an in-depth study of the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of CDHEs in the Huaihe River Basin and explores their relationship with climate and vegetation. It also delves into the intricate interplay between CDHEs, climate patterns, and vegetation in the region. The results can serve as a scientific basis and reference for meteorological disaster prevention and ecological environmental protection in the region.