Marine nature reserves mainly undertake the effective protection of typical marine ecosystems, rare and endangered species, important natural resources, natural relics, and human resources. At the same time, they also have multiple tasks such as maintaining ecological functions, sustainable utilization of resources and sustainable development of community economy, and generally face with the dependency-conflict relationship between ecological protection and community livelihood development. It is of great significance to explore and solve the dependency relationship between community livelihood and ecosystem services to realize the coordinated development of marine protected areas and communities. Based on the survey data of 415 residents in Shandong Changdao Marine Reserve, this paper analyzes the characteristics of community residents' livelihood capital and index system of farmer dependence on ecosystem services (IDES) by using the framework of sustainable livelihood analysis and the model of ecosystem service dependence, and further explores the influence of livelihood capital on the IDES by combining multiple regression models. The results show that: (1) the score of community residents' livelihood capital presents a general trend of increasing from fishery-oriented to worker-oriented, tourism-oriented and part-time fishery. The livelihood capital structure of different types of community residents is quite different; (2) The total net income from the ecosystem of the residents in the fishing and tourism-oriented communities is significantly higher than that of other residents. The total IDES index in descending order is fishery-oriented, tourism-oriented, part-time fishery, and worker worker-oriented. The dependence on supply services of fisheries-oriented livelihoods is significantly higher than other types, and the dependence on cultural services is the lowest; (3) The influences of livelihood capital on the supply and cultural service dependence of different types of residents are different. The key to balance the service dependence structure of residents' ecosystem is the scale of marine aquaculture, the scope of fishery operations, the number of government skills training, the ecological compensation policy, the participation of social organizations, and the benefit of tourism support policies. Based on above, some suggestions are put forward from different types of residents and local governments to improve the livelihood capital of community residents in Changdao Marine Reserve and optimize the dependence structure of ecosystem services, so as to provide reference for the coordinated development of marine reserve and community.