Emission from paddy fields is a major source of agricultural methane emissions. The black soil region of Northeast China (BSRNC) is the largest grain production base, where reducing greenhouse gas emission of agricultural sector is a crucial issue for sustainable utilization of black soil land. In this study, we used CH4MOD model to analyze the spatiotemporal evolution of methane emission from paddy fields in the BSRNC from 2009 to 2018, then explored the spatiotemporal dynamic relationship between rice production and regional methane emission based on remote sensing data of GOSAT satellite, and further clarified the contribution and potential of methane emission from paddy fields. The results showed that due to the expansion of rice production area and the increase of emission intensity, methane emission from paddy fields in the BSRNC increased from 3.905×10⁵ tons to 7.953×10⁵ tons. Regional methane emission showed a spatiotemporal dynamic that was consistent with methane emission from paddy fields in terms of seasonal variation and grid scale. Large-scale paddy cultivation might increase the possibility that rice production directly related to regional methane emissions. With the continuous area expansion and increasing yield, emission from paddy fields contributed 15.04% of regional methane emission in 2018, which was as high as 31.06% in Heilongjiang Province. Under the baseline development scenario, CH₄ emissions from paddy fields in the BSRNC were expected to increase by 19.5% in 2035 compared with that in 2018. Under the food supply security scenario, the current paddy field cultivation area is maintained, the degree of rice production intensification is increased, and the CH₄ emission from paddy field is expected to decrease by 0.88% compared with that in 2018. On the basis of food supply security scenario, the CH₄ emission from paddy fields is expected to increase by 17.8%-63.6% by adopting paddy field management measures, such as straw returning to the field, increasing the application of organic fertilizer and implementing water-saving intermittent irrigation. This can be alleviated by emission reduction measures that guided by the guarantee of food supply, such as the optimization of rice planting structure, the control of paddy cultivation area, the promotion of technological progress and variety improvement to improve the yield level, the combination of fertilizer and organic fertilizer application, water-saving intermittent irrigation and other ways. The study comprehensively used top-down method (calculation based on GOSAT data) and bottom-up model (CH4MOD model) to depict the spatiotemporal relationship between rice production and regional methane emission, further evaluated the potential of paddy methane emission and the effect of emission reduction measures. It can provide theoretical basis for reducing agricultural methane emission and optimizing cultivating layout in the black soil region of Northeast China.