The systematic study of eco-geological environment should be based on geology and under the guidance of ecology to study the ecological problems caused by rock, soil, water, biology and so on. Qinling Mountains has distinctive eco-geological characteristics, which is an ideal practical place to give birth to the basic theory of eco-geology and form eco-geological protection countermeasures. It is urgent to systematically analyze the role and status of Qinling eco-geological environment, sort out the main challenges faced by Qinling eco-geological environment system, and construct the framework system of Qinling eco-geological environment system.This paper puts forward that the following key thoughts should be grasped in the study of Qinling eco-geological environment system. Firstly, the multi-elements of Qinling eco-geological environment, the complex process of circle-layer mutual feedback, the prominent effect of disaster superposition, and the strong human-geology-ecology interaction. Based on the realistic challenges faced by the ecological Qinling Mountains, it is necessary to recognize the element composition and resource status of the Qinling eco-geological environment system, and construct a mutual feedback evolution model of the elements of the Qinling eco-geological environment system, rexplores the coexistence and progressive relationship among ecological degradation, soil erosion and geological disasters, and then puts forward the countermeasures for the dynamic balance of geological environment-ecological environment-human environment. Secondly, the frame system of Qinling eco-geological environment system should be based on the cognition of geological environment, fully integrate the ecological environment into the geological environment as a whole, and sort out the impact of various elements on the ecological environment. Among them, the tectonic, geomorphological geological environment is the "ecological container", the rock, soil and hydro geological environment are the "ecological carrier", and the disaster geological environment is the important factor causing "ecological damage". The environment of human activities is the external drive of "ecological disturbance". Thirdly, the relationship among forest body, soil body, rock mass, mountain body and water body in Qinling Mountains is complex, and the endogenetic interaction is close. To understand the scientific connotation of the law of co-exist, co-evolution, co-loss and co-prosperity of "Life Community of mountains, waters, forests, farmlands, lakes and grasslands", we should be based on exploring the mutual feedback and co-evolution mechanism of forest-soil-rock-mountain-water. Fourthly, the surface ecological damage, surface soil and water disasters, and shallow and deep geological disasters in the Qinling Mountains show the characteristics of mutual feedback-coupling, coexistence and progressive evolution. It is necessary to pay attention to the key problem of "the progressive relationship between ecological damage and geological disasters and the internal mechanism". Lastly, research on the regulation mechanism of the dynamic balance of human environment-geological environment-ecological environment in the Qinling Mountains should focus on exploring the relationship between ecological security and human-land coordination, and analyze the relationship between the destruction of ecosystem and geological disasters and the sequential evolution of geology-geomorphology-climate-human activities. On this basis, the dynamic balance mechanism of eco-geological environment system is explored, and then the ecological security prevention and control strategy based on human-land coordination is put forward.