Tourism ecological security is an important part of national ecological security system, and also the premise and foundation of maintaining the healthy and sustainable development of tourism industry. Based on the connotation analysis of tourism ecological security and the framework of Pressure-State-Response, the evaluation index system of tourism ecological security was constructed. The improved TOPSIS model, CNN-LSTM hybrid neural network prediction model, and factor contribution model were adopted to explore the dynamic evolution characteristics and driving factors of tourism ecological security in Zhangjiajie. The results indicate that: (1) From 2006 to 2020, the tourism ecological security index generally showed a fluctuating upward trend. The security level and the warning situation were constantly improving. The temporal evolution of tourism ecological security level had significant stage differentiation and roughly could be divided into three stages, including alternately increasing and decreasing, rapidly rising, and steadily growing. (2) From 2006 to 2020, the three subsystems of tourism ecological security all developed in a favorable direction, but the evolution trend was significantly different. The pressure subsystem had the highest average security level, but the growth rate was sluggish. The state subsystem presented the characteristics of the lowest average security level and the fastest growth rate. The average security level and growth rate of the response subsystem were all in a moderate sequence level with a poorly stable evolution trend. (3) The predicted value of tourism ecological security index is expected to rise from 0.6194 to 0.7665 in 2021-2030. The level of tourism ecological security shows a spiral upward trend. The overall security situation will continue to optimize, but still presents strong instability and uncertainty. (4) The primary factor driving the dynamic evolution of tourism ecological security presented the transformation characteristics of "area of soil erosion under control→area of nature reserves above provincial level→urbanization rate". The promotion of tourism economy status, the construction supply of public green space, and the green transformation of industrial development had positive driving effects on tourism ecological security, but the traditional urbanization and industrialization, high-intensity energy consumption, disorderly expansion of tourism industry, frequent natural disasters, and sluggish living standards of residents had negative inhibitory effects. Finally, based on the research findings and combined with the regional characteristics of Zhangjiajie as a region of major function restricted development and a typical tourism-oriented city, the paper puts forward relevant suggestions to steadily improve the level of tourism ecological security and the capacity for sustainable development of tourism industry.