With the change of ecosystem services research paradigm, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to re-examine the framework of ecosystem services cascade. This paper introduces the perspective of co-production theory, uses inductive deduction method, logical deduction method, and comparative analysis method to put forward the idea of reconstructing the ecosystem service cascade framework. The results show that: (1) human subjectivity is an important feature of the paradigm shift of ecosystem services research. There is a lack of a critical cascading relationship between human activities and ecosystem services in the cascading framework. (2) Public participation is an indispensable factor of the cascade framework. The academic community's understanding of it is deepening continuously, but it lacks systematic theoretical guidance, which requires the theoretical support of in-depth public participation. (3) The co-production theory surpasses the traditional public participation and provides three interrelated factors of stakeholder-production field-production cycle for solving the problem of reconstructing the cascade framework. (4) The reconstructed cascade framework contains the bidirectional coupling relationship of "ecosystem service flow-human activity flow", which can provide a complete, continuous, and systematic analysis framework for further research.