Implementation of the Natural Forest Protection Project (NFPP) in Northeast China has improved the ecological environment and enhanced the ecosystem service capability. It also contributed positively to ecosystem services in Northeast China. In order to more directly reflect the implementation effect of the NFPP in Northeast China, this study is based on the remote sensing monitoring data set of long time series-land use data. The InVEST and RUSLE models were used to quantitatively assess and analyze changes in ecosystem services in Northeast China and NFPP area before and after the implementation of the NFPP from 1990 to 2020. And this study used the Getis-Ord Gi^* index to identify hot spot areas. The results showed that (1) cropland and forest were the center of gravity land use types in Northeast China, accounting for more than 65% of the total land use in a year. From 1990 to 2020, urban/built-up and water body area in the study area changed the most, followed by cropland and grassland, and forest and unused land changed the least. The area of urban/built-up and cropland in the study area increased by 25.37% and 12.15%, respectively, while the area of water body decreased by 21.42% and the area of grassland decreased by 14.02%. The area of unused and forest decreased by 8.41% and 5.34%. (2) Soil conservation in the study area and the NFPP area increased by 95.81×10⁶ t and 24.05×10⁶ t respectively from 1990 to 2020, showing a trend of first decrease and then increase. Carbon storage decreased by 7.49×10⁸ tC and 3.92×10⁸ tC respectively, showing a continuous decrease. And water yield increased by 177.51×10⁹ m³ and 58.65×10⁹ m³, showing a trend of first decrease and then increase. Since the implementation of the NFPP, the overall trend of ecosystem services in the study area has been positive, and the implementation of the NFPP has had a positive effect on the ecosystem in Northeast China. (3) The spatial distribution of the extremely significant hot spot areas in the study area from 1990 to 2020 was basically consistent, mainly in the northeastern Inner Mongolia, northern Heilongjiang Province, eastern Jilin Province, and eastern Liaoning Province. With the implementation of the NFPP, the number of highly significant hot spot areas increased significantly, and the scope overlapped highly with the NFPP, and the hot spot and significant hot spot areas were gradually transformed into highly significant hot spot areas. Based on remote sensing monitoring data to systematically quantify the ecosystem services of the NFPP in Northeast China on a long time scale, the Getis-Ord Gi^* index was applied to the identification of priority protected areas for ecosystem services, providing a scientific reference for the subsequent implementation of forestry policies and ecological projects in Northeast China.