Backfilling with guest soil and planting herbs in the coal mining areas of the alpine mountain can improve the environment rapidly, which strongly affect the diversity and ecological function of ground arthropods. The response of ground arthropods to coal mine restoration will also vary with the changes of altitude and grazing disturbance intensity. We systematically investigated the assemblage and quantity of ground arthropods in coal mine restoration areas and control areas of Xiyinghe and Dongdahe nature conservation station using pitfall traps, analyzed the response pattern of ground arthropod community and the key groups to the coal mine restoration, and determined the main factors affecting the diversity of ground arthropods. The key results were as follows. Coal mine restoration reduced the difference of ground arthropod communities between the restoration areas and control areas, but the community composition of ground arthropods differed between the restoration areas and control areas and showed obviously regional variations. The restoration of coal mine significantly increased the activity density of ground arthropod community in Xiyinghe, while the activity density of ground arthropod community in Dongdahe slightly decreased. The changes of groups richness, diversity index and evenness index of ground arthropod community in the two nature conservation stations were both opposite to the activity density. The response patterns of the dominant groups to the restoration of coal mining areas were different and showed obviously regional variations. Coal mine restoration significantly increased the activity density of Gnaphosidae, Erigoninae and Staphylinidae, but significantly decreased the activity density of Sclerosomatidae and Curculionidae in Xiyinghe. Coal mine restoration significantly increased the activity density of Carabidae, but decreased the activity density of Formicidae and Lycosidae in Dongdahe. Furthermore, pRDA showed that altitude elevation and total nitrogen accounted for 20.8% of the variation in ground arthropod community at coal mine restoration areas and control areas of Xiyinghe; herb aboveground biomass and altitude elevation accounted for 24.3% of the variation in ground arthropod community at coal mine restoration areas and control areas of Dongdahe. In conclusion, the changes of vegetation and soil environment caused by artificial covering and vegetation construction in alpine mountain areas strongly affected the diversity of ground arthropod community, and there were obviously regional differences in the response of ground arthropod community to coal mine restoration. The diversity of ground arthropod community can indicate and evaluate the effects of coal mine restoration.