野化放归丹顶鹤活动节律、家域特征和栖息地选择
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国家自然科学基金项目(32271662, 32201346)


Activity rhythms, home range characteristics, and habitat selection of reintroduced red-crowned crane
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The National Natural Science Foundation of China (General Program, Key Program, Major Research Plan)

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    摘要:

    了解野放丹顶鹤的运动模式、家域和栖息地选择的时间节律特征对丹顶鹤种群保护和栖息地管理尤为重要。基于GPS-GSM跟踪数据,综合运用3S技术、动态布朗桥模型、栖息地选择指数,研究了盐城海滨湿地野放丹顶鹤在不同生活周期的活动节律、家域的面积和重叠指数,以及栖息地选择。结果表明:(1)丹顶鹤日活动节律具有明显的周期性特征。丹顶鹤活动强度:育成期>越冬期>孵化期>育雏期,孵化期和育雏期日间活动强度平稳,育成期和越冬期呈"双峰"模式。(2)丹顶鹤95%家域面积均值介于(111.18±22.15)hm2-(621.28±105.77)hm2,育成期((621.28±105.77) hm2)>育雏期((226.83±54.86) hm2)>孵化期((112.40±7.72) hm2)>越冬期((111.18±22.15) hm2);核心家域面积均值介于(0.53±0.26)-(45.78±6.66) hm2,育成期((45.78±6.66) hm2)>育雏期((12.73±3.67) hm2)>越冬期((5.18±1.59) hm2)>孵化期((0.53±0.26) hm2)。不同生活周期家域重叠值为31.08%-46.84%,不同年份重叠值为29.20%-76.21%。(3)家域尺度内,栖息地选择率具有周期性差异。孵化期选择中高覆盖度芦苇生境;育雏期选择水塘生境、中高覆盖度生境以及距水塘潮沟100 m以内生境;育成期选择水塘生境、低和中低覆盖度生境以及距离水塘0-100 m生境;越冬期选择水塘生境、中高覆盖度生境以及距水塘0-100 m生境。研究可为丹顶鹤种群保护和栖息地管理提供科学依据。

    Abstract:

    Reintroduction serves as a highly effective method for biodiversity conservation, as it plays a crucial role in restoring populations of endangered species and mitigating the risk of extinction. Nonetheless, achieving successful reintroduction is no simple feat; it demands a comprehensive process of monitoring and evaluating the individual behavior of the species and its interplay with the habitat. Vital aspects such as activity rhythms, home range characteristics, and habitat selection offer valuable insights into the environmental requirements of reintroduced animals. Thus, the temporal rhythms of movement patterns, home range, and habitat selection of reintroduced red-crowned cranes play a crucial role in population conservation and habitat management. This study employed GPS-GSM tracking data and advanced analytical techniques, including 3S technology, dynamic Brown's Bridge model, and habitat selection index, to investigate the daily activity rhythms, home range characteristics, and habitat selection of reintroduced red-crowned cranes (Grus japonensis) in Yancheng coastal wetland. The results indicate that the daily activity rhythms of the cranes exhibit clear periodic patterns, with the highest intensity observed during the rearing period, followed by the wintering period, hatching period, and brooding period. The activity patterns during the hatching and brooding periods are characterized by a smooth intensity of daytime activity, while those during the rearing and wintering periods exhibit a bimodal pattern. The study also found that 95% home range area of the cranes varies from (111.18±22.15) to (621.28±105.77) hm2, with the largest ranges during the rearing period, followed by the brooding period, hatching period, and wintering period. Meanwhile, the core home range area varies from (0.53±0.26) to (45.78±6.66) hm2, with similar patterns as the 95% home range. The overlap values of the home ranges also show periodic variation, ranging from 31.08% to 46.84% for different life cycles and from 29.20% to 76.21% for different years. Finally, the results demonstrate that the habitat selection rates of the cranes also exhibit periodic variations, with different habitats being selected during different life cycle stages. During the hatching period, the medium to high cover reed habitat is preferred, while during the brooding period, the pond habitat, the medium to high cover habitat, and the habitat within 100 m from the tidal creek and the pond are selected. During the rearing period, the pond habitat, the low and medium-low cover habitat, and the habitat within 100 m from the pond are preferred, while during the wintering period, the pond habitat, the medium-high cover habitat, and the habitat within 100 m from the pond are selected. In conclusion, this study provides a valuable scientific foundation for conservation and habitat management of the reintroduced red-crowned crane population in Yancheng coastal wetland.

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陈浩,王刚,王成,薛菲,成海,张亚楠.野化放归丹顶鹤活动节律、家域特征和栖息地选择.生态学报,2024,44(4):1526~1538

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