Coordination and balance between urbanization and eco-environment is an important measure to improve the quality of cities and an inherent requirement to promote the construction of new cities. Based on the comprehensive evaluation index system of urbanization and ecological environment system, the coupling coordination model was introduced to measure the coupling coordination degree of urbanization and eco-environment system in China's municipal area from 2010 to 2020 and analyzed its influencing factors. The results show that: (1) From the spatial distribution pattern, the development level of urbanization as a whole has a lead in the distribution characteristics for Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta regions, medium in Chengdu-Chongqing and central regions, and relatively backward in southwestern and northwestern regions; and the level of ecological environment construction presents the distribution characteristics of "high in the south, low in the north, and blossoming in many points". (2) From the viewpoint of spatial correlation pattern, the urbanization development level and eco-environment construction level both show obviously clustering phenomenon, and the distribution is dominated by High-high and Low-low districts. Among them, the significant LL zone of urbanization development level is mainly concentrated in the western region, and the wide range of low-value agglomeration is obvious, reflecting that the urbanization of the region needs to be further developed; the significant HH zone of eco-environment construction level is mainly concentrated in the southeastern region, and the significant LL zone is mainly located in the western and northeastern regions, reflecting that the ecological environment in the western and northern regions is not good enough. (3) From the coupling and coordination degree, the grinding effect between the two systems continues to be good, the number of cities with mild or lower levels of dysregulation and coordination development types is constantly decreasing. The whole has stepped into the stage of transformation and development. In terms of spatial distribution, the coupling coordination degree in the eastern coastal region is higher than that in the inland region. From the perspective of the coupling and coordination relationship between urbanization and ecological environment, there is a general balance in the development of these two processes during the study period. However, there is an emerging trend towards lagging ecological environments, with varying spatial distribution from south to north. By 2020, the ratio of cities experiencing ecological environment lag in the south and north was 4 ∶ 6. (4) In terms of influencing factors, the urbanization rate, the urbanization status, urban harmony status, overall urban ecological condition, the level of investment in urban eco-environment governance, the level of green and low-carbon construction in cities, and water resource utilization all play an important role in explaining the situation.