Typhoons will cause strong disturbance to forests, change the structure and functions of forest ecosystems. In this paper, we analyzed the effects of typhoons in 2020 on the damage degrees of trees with different diameter classes and functional groups (shade tolerance, life form, and leaf shape) of broadleaved-Korean pine forest in Xiaoxing'an Mountains and the role of topography (elevation, aspect, slope, and convexity). The results showed that there were significant differences in the effects of typhoon on the number of tree damage of different diameter classes and functional groups, such as class I (DBH>10 cm)>class II (10 cm≤DBH<50 cm)>class III (DBH≥50 cm), strong shade tolerance>weak shade tolerance, arbor>shrubs, and broadleaved species>coniferous species. While trees damage rates showed that class II>class III>class I, weak shade tolerance>strong shade tolerance, arbor>shrubs, and coniferous species>broadleaved species. The damage degree of trees depended largely on the aspect and altitude, and the number of damaged trees in shady slopes and low elevation was higher. Damaged trees with broadleaved, shrubs and strong shade tolerance species are more likely to appear on the sunny slope and higher elevation, while coniferous species, arbor and weak shade tolerant damaged trees are more likely to appear on the shady slopes and at lower elevations. The number of the damaged trees caused by uprooting in shady slope and low elevation was significantly higher than that in breakage at rootstock and trunk. The topography had a significant effect on the wind fall direction of trees. In general, the destruction of forests by typhoons is affected by a variety of environmental and biological factors. We found that trees with different diameter classes and functional groups in different topography differed in their resistance to typhoons and their response to typhoons varied greatly. In addition, trees with a large DBH, weak shade tolerance, arbor and coniferous species have relatively weak resistance to typhoons, and trees on windward slope and shady slope have relatively weak resistance to typhoons. These provided a theoretical basis and reference for understanding the impact of extreme weather events on forest dynamics and recovery.