The karst region is one of the fragile ecological regions in the world. Under the background of global climate change, the karst region in Southwest China is highly sensitive and vulnerable to changes in climate, has become a hotspot of vegetation restoration. Improving soil quality is the key to enhancing the ability of ecosystems to cope with climate change. In order to explore the effects of different vegetation restoration methods on soil quality in karst areas under the background of climate change, this study was based on comprehensive analysis of physical, chemical and biological properties of soil in 84 quadrat transect zones with climatic gradient in Qian-Gui karst area. Cropland and the secondary forest were taken as the control of degradation and top restoration, respectively. The effects of natural restoration (shrubland) and artificial restoration (plantation forest) on soil quality improvement and their responses to climate change were discussed. The results showed that: (1) vegetation restoration not only significantly increased the abundance of soil bacteria, fungi, actinomyces and other microbial abundance, as well as the contents of organic carbon, total nitrogen, available nitrogen and other nutrients, but also improved the soil texture. (2) Both natural and managed restoration improved soil quality. There was no significant difference in soil quality index between the two restoration methods, but there was still a gap between them and the secondary forest. The soil quality of shrubland and plantation forest was only about 62-66% of that of the secondary forest. (3) The soil quality of cropland decreased with the increase of mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation, and the soil quality of secondary forest increased with the increase of mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation. The improvement rate of soil quality of vegetation restoration was positively correlated with mean annual temperature and mean annual precipitation. In general, vegetation restoration can improve soil quality index, and the increase of average annual moderate annual rainfall can also improve soil quality improvement rate. This study illustrates that vegetation restoration in a certain range of climate change can significantly improve the climatic toughness of soil in karst areas, and reveals that the improvement of soil quality by vegetation restoration in karst areas is mainly due to the increase of soil carbon and nitrogen content and the improvement of soil microbial structure. This provides a theoretical basis for ecological restoration and management of karst degraded land under the background of global climate change.