Lespedeza davidii is a shrub belonging to Fabaceae, which is also an important phytoremediation candidant plant in mining areas because of its strong tolerance to heavy metal stress and the ability of nitrogen-fixation. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is a kind of symbiotic fungi for plants, and its symbiosis with plants in the mining area can promote the plant growth and improve the plant resistance to stress. However, its species composition, distributions and influencing factors are still unclear. The AMF community of L. davidii scrub soil was selected as the study object, and the soil under L. davidii canopy and adjacent open land in mining and non-mining areas were collected to carry out internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing and physical and chemical characteristics, aiming to reveal the diversity of soil AMF community in different sample sites and its influencing factors. The results showed that: (1) A total of 2961 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were obtained from soil samples, among which 66 OTUs belonged to AMF. By consulting Silva database, 7 orders, 10 families, 16 genera and 24 AMF species were obtained. Total species abundance of AMF was the soil in the adjacent open land of mining area>soil under the crown of mining area>soil under the crown of non-mining area>soil in the adjacent open land of non-mining area. The trend of Shannon Index and Simpson Index was the same as that of species abundance. (2) Entrophospora and so on were the dominant genera in the AMF community of the soil in mining area, while Funneliformis and so on were the dominant genera in the AMF community of the soil under the crown of non-mining area. Entrophospora infrequens was the common dominant species in four sample sites, which belonged to a broad-spectrum ecotype species. Archaeospora sp. and Paraglomerales sp. were the dominant species in the AMF community of the soil under the crown of mining area, with strong adaptability to heavy metal stress. Funneliformis sp. was the dominant species in the AMF community of the soil under the crown of non-mining area. (3) Redundancy analysis (RDA) illustrated that the species and amounts of AMF were significantly affected by Mn content, soil pH value, and total phosphorus content. All these results showed that AMF species and diversity were effected by soil physicochemical properties. The presence of some AMF, which had strong tolerance in mining area, improved the species diversity, and they can help plant grow under adverse conditions.