The hilly and gully areas of the Loess Plateau have been affected by natural disasters such as soil erosion and drought for thousands of years. The implementation of ecological protection projects in recent decades has brought significant ecological restoration effects, but also affected the farmers' livelihood strategies, which furtherly threatened the regional food security, ecological security, and sustainable development. In order to describe the complex response process of the human-land system, this study selected the different typical landform types in the Loess Hilly and Gully area and focused on the land use functions (LUFs) with a multi-level stakeholder participatory evaluation framework. We analyzed the farmland using behavior of farmers, the impact of ecological restoration project, and further development strategies. Four scenarios were set, including business as usual scenario, development priority scenario, agricultural development priority scenario, and ecological protection priority scenario. A multi-agent model was constructed to predict the spatio-temporal changes of regional land use and land use functions under different scenarios. The main results show that:(1) the ecological priority scenario has the highest comprehensive impact and has a relatively balanced beneficial impact on each dimension, while the agricultural development priority scenario has a more obvious effect on the economic and social dimensions of LUFs; (2) According to the simulation results of spatial change of LUFs, regional land use fragmentation is obvious and the abandonment of cultivated land shows a significant restriction on the LUFs in the whole area. The agricultural development scenario has the least LUFs declined area; (3) The area where the land function declines distributed mainly in areas with poor land quality, a slope within the range of 5-15°, the great the terrain undulation, and away from the road. This study describes the differentiated land use characteristics of different typical landforms in Loess Hilly and Gully area, and provides a specified reference for land management and regional sustainable development in the context of balancing the ecological protection and local development.