The environmental basic public services are key to the governance of the ecological environment in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau ecological barrier zone and improvement of the living environment of farmers and herdsmen. Hence, the research into the disequilibrium and its causes on the environmental basic public services has a pivotal role in the equalization of environmental basic public services and alleviating the environmental stress risks of human activities in the ecological barrier zone on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. This paper proposed a method to quantitatively measure the disequilibrium on the environmental basic public services at the village scale by selecting three characteristic indicators:domestic waste treatment, domestic sewage treatment, and sanitary toilet renovation, taking 4315 villages in Qinghai Province as an example. Further, the causes of disequilibrium were diagnosed by the ordinal logistic regression model and binary logistic regression model. The results show that:the level of environmental basic public services was generally low in Qinghai Province, with 37.13% and 37.84% of villages at low or extremely low levels. The allocation rates of domestic waste treatment, domestic sewage treatment, and sanitary toilet renovation were 47.76%, 11.05% and 34.74% respectively, of which the unbalanced allocation of domestic sewage treatment facilities was the most prominent and was the primary indicator limiting the equalization of basic public services for the environment in village and town settlements. The disequilibrium on the environmental basic public services was attributed to multiple factors such as cost, population and society, economy, and management. Alpine environment and transportation location were important factors leading to disequilibrium. Moreover, the disequilibrium was exacerbated by the returns to scale effect of population and society factors. As a result, settlements of farmers and herdsmen, featuring dispersed at large scale and clustered at small scale, usually belonged to low level of environmental basic public services. Furthermore, economy and management were respectively endogenous and the external factors that contributed to the deepening of disequilibrium. The main policy implications are as follows. It is recommended to adopt a progressive equilibrium allocation model in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau ecological barrier zone and implement adaptive management of environmental risks. In addition, greater efforts are needed to establish a flexible domestic waste treatment system that combines elimination on the spot with cross-region treatment, promote the ecological disposal technology systems and decentralized domestic sewage treatment models that are low temperature resistant, and pay equal attention to the development of toilet renovation technology adapted to the alpine environment and enhancement of environmental ethics education on farmers and herdsmen.