Grazing is the most importantly anthropogenic influence on grassland ecosystem. One of the most effective measures to rehabilitate the degraded grasslands is prohibition of grazing. However, different management patterns will inevitably affect the spatial and temporal distribution of soil physicochemical indicators and soil organic carbon (SOC) and its accumulation (SCS). In order to clarify the process of SCS change from grazing to prohibition of grazing and its influencing factors, this paper analysed the SOC and soil capacitance, moisture, pH and biomass from grazing to prohibition of grazing in Eritu pasture in Xilingole Meng from 2019-2021. The results indicated that the SCS in the prohibition of grazing area showed an increasing trend year by year, especially in the 60 cm soil layer where the SCS increased by 81.5%, i.e. from 2.54 kg/m² to 4.61 kg/m². The SCS in the grazing areas decreased by 23.15%, i.e. from 5.27 kg/m² to 4.05 g/m². Grazing destroyed soil structure and affected grassland vegetation, which reduced grassland biomass and soil moisture, as well as increased soil capacity. Mantel-test analysis and structural equations also showed that soil bulk, total N, temperature, moisture and belowground biomass had significant effect on the SCS. This study can be used as a reference for ecological research and management optimization of grasslands.