The water environment under different nutritional conditions has different effects on the growth of submerged plants, which can be manifested in various aspects such as plant growth, physiological status, and photosynthesis. Potamogeton wrightii Morong, one of the dominant species of submerged plants in Dianchi Lake, was selected as the research object. The physiological characteristics and their correlation with chlorophyll fluorescence induction kinetic parameters of complete plant grown under 5 different nutritional and water quality conditions were analyzed.The analysis found that although the nutrient status grading of water quality at the five sampling points was different, the exponential fitting coefficient between the average value of underwater light intensity and water depth was above 0.9.From the perspective of growth characterization, there was significant difference in leaf length among sampling points (P <0.05), while there was no significant difference in leaf width among sampling points (P >0.05).Physiological data shows that Malayan cabbage, which is in a medium nutrient state, has the highest levels of catalase, soluble sugars, and chlorophyll in its body, while lower levels of malondialdehyde, amino acids, and hydrogen peroxide. Its growth status is better than that of plants in other eutrophic water environments. The variation of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and performance index in the leaves of plant grown under different nutritional conditions was not significant (P <0.05). Through Mantel test, the correlation between chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, chlorophyll a and photosynthetic parameters in different water bodies was significant (P <0.05), while the correlation between catalase, carotenoids, total nitrogen, amino acids, chlorophyll a and photosynthetic parameters in plant leaves was significant (P <0.05). Although the growth of Potamogeton wrightii Morong in the study area is affected to some extent, overall, its growth status is relatively good under the existing water quality conditions in the survey area, and it is suitable for being a pioneer species for the restoration of submerged plants in the Dianchi Lake.