Vegetation mitigates the greenhouse effect by fixing atmospheric CO₂ through photosynthesis, while vegetation also affects the greenhouse effect by altering the surface energy balance. In the past climate-vegetation studies, most of them focused on the effects of climate change on vegetation, while relatively few studies on vegetation feedback on climate. Vegetation affects local, regional and even global climate by regulating surface energy balance and water fluxes, and its role in climate change is vital. Therefore, it is extremely important to clarify the mechanisms of vegetation feedback effects on climate and their outcomes and to identify their geographical differences. In this paper, we analyze the mechanisms between vegetation and climate in terms of biogeophysical and biogeochemical processes, and systematically summarize the feedback effects of vegetation restoration/destruction on local, regional, and even global climate in global and key regions. Results show that:(1) the regional characteristics of biogeophysical feedback are obvious, while biogeochemical feedback is manifested at the global scale, and the two interact with each other but are difficult to be unified; (2) The climate effects of vegetation destruction is related to the type and geographical distribution of forest ecosystems in terms of temperature effect:tropical forest destruction brings warming effect, temperate forest destruction will offset the lost carbon sequestration and cooling effect by increasing forest albedo, and boreal forest destruction brings cooling effect; (3) The current study does not consider the critical process mechanisms well enough, the results of different research methods vary widely, and the results lack the validation of high-quality observation data from multiple sources, while the net climate feedback studies considering biogeophysical and biogeochemical are not yet able to support the conventional understanding of the single mitigation effect of afforestation on climate change. It has been widely recognized that afforestation mitigates climate warming by increasing the carbon sink function, but the net climate effect of afforestation depends not only on the carbon cycle process, but also on the surface albedo, evapotranspiration, soil water cycle, heat absorption process by water evaporation and aerosol concentration and process, so the study of the climate feedback effect of afforestation still has many problems to be solved. In this paper, we summarized the problems of the current research on the effect of vegetation on climate feedback, and proposed the future direction of related research, providing a theoretical basis for scientific assessment of the direction and intensity of the effect of afforestation on climate change.