The Northern Slope Economic Belt of Tianshan Mountains has been faced with a series of problems with urbanization and resource-environment system for a long time. The relationship between regional urbanization and resource-environment system has attracted much attention. This paper carried out a comprehensive bibliometric analysis based on the relevant Chinese and English literature from 1995 to 2022, and made a literature review on several key issues in the research of the relationship between urbanization and resource-environment system in the Northern Slope Economic Belt of Tianshan Mountains. The results showed that the Chinese research focused on the ecological environment problems and relating countermeasures in the context of urbanization, while the English research payed attention to the use of water-land resources and its driving factors in the process of urbanization under the background of climate change. However, both the Chinese and English were generally concerned about the issues of water resources in the course of urbanization, and have continuously strengthened the research on the coordination between urbanization and resource-environment system and the influencing factors in recent years. There was a consensus in relevant research that the urbanization and resource-environment system of the Northern Slope Economic Belt of Tianshan Mountains had an interactive and mutual feedback relationship. Specifically, the binding effect of resource-environment system on urbanization had an inverted U-shaped trend, and the impact of urbanization on resource-environment system showed a U-shaped trend. The coupling and coordination level between the two was generally low at present. So it is necessary to adhere to the urbanization path of sustainable development, green development and high-quality development. Future research can be carried out from the aspects of multi-scale spatial nesting relationship, multi-source database construction, diversified method innovation and deep analysis of pattern-process-mechanism.