Gymnocoronis spilanthoides, an invasive alien plant, has strongly invasive adaptability and rapid propagation and spread, which will adversely affect the growth and reproduction of native species, local ecological security, landscape pattern, etc. Based on 265 effective distribution points and 7 environmental variables of Gymnocoronis spilanthoides, MaxEnt, ArcGIS and R software were used to construct predictive models of suitable habitats for Gymnocoronis spilanthoides in China under current climate and 4 climate scenarios (SSP126, SSP245, SSP370, SSP585) for two future time periods (2050s, 2070s), while the regularization multiplier (RM) and feature combination (FC) of MaxEnt predictive model are adjusted and optimized. The ultimate aim was to quantitatively demonstrate the potentially geographical distribution change of Gymnocoronis spilanthoides in China, variations in the area of suitable habitat and the movement path of the center of distribution. The BCC-CSM2-MR model developed by the National Climate Center of China in CMIP6 was used as a model for predicting future climate conditions. The results showed that:(1) the prediction accuracy of the MaxEnt model was extremely high, and area under the curve (AUC) of the test subject working characteristic (ROC) of each group of the MaxEnt models was higher than 0.97. (2) Precipitation of the driest quarter (bio17), mean temperature of the coldest quarter (bio11), temperature seasonality (bio4), and precipitation of the warmest quarter (bio18) were the dominant climatic factor influencing the geographical distribution of Gymnocoronis spilanthoides. (3) Under the current climatic conditions, the total suitable area of the potentially geographical distribution of Gymnocoronis spilanthoides would be 191.18×10⁴ km², accounting for about 19.9% of the national land area, and highly suitable habitats mainly distributed in the northwest of Hunan, the northeast corner of Zhejiang, Taiwan, Guangdong and Guangxi sporadic areas. (4) Under the future climate change scenario, the total suitable area and the low suitable area for Gymnocoronis spilanthoides growth would be greater than the total suitable area under the current climate conditions, and the spread trend of suitable area would be shown along the edge of the low suitable area to the north. In the 2050s, the total suitable area for Gymnocoronis spilanthoides would increase mostly, reaching 216.64×10⁴ km². (5) Under the future climate change situation, the change areas of the expansion or reduction of suitable habitats would be mainly concentrated in northeast and south Sichuan, southern Shaanxi, southern Henan, northern Hubei, northern Anhui, and northern Jiangsu. In general, the distribution of Gymnocoronis spilanthoides in China had not reached saturation, showing radiation diffusion centered on the south of the Yangtze River and radiating to north. The distribution center of Gymnocoronis spilanthoides from the current to the future (2050s, 2070s) the general direction of change was found to migrate first to the northeast and then to the southwest. Researching the potentially geographical distribution patterns and responses to climate change of invasive plant Gymnocoronis spilanthoides on a regional scale is great significance for the prevention and control of it, thereby can also reduce the harm caused by it.