It is of great significance for a new round of vegetation restoration and sustainable development on the Loess Plateau (LP) to analyze the impact of vegetation restoration on artificial forest ecosystem. Through literature search, 241 groups of control test results in 92 published literatures were used to evaluate the changes of ecosystem services of different restoration years of Robinia pseudoacacia (RP) in different climatic regions of the LP by meta-analysis. Three indexes of soil moisture, carbon, and plant diversity were selected. The results showed that compared with the control, the soil carbon storage and plant diversity were significantly increased after planting RP, and the relative growth rates were 81.30% and 32.60%, respectively (P<0.05), while the soil water storage decreased significantly, and the relative change rate was -35.58% (P<0.05). The relative change rate of soil water storage (-22.98%) (P<0.05) and the relative growth rate of plant diversity (149.1%) (P<0.05) in semi-humid area were significantly higher than those in semi-arid area, and the relative growth rate of soil carbon storage (57.21%) (P<0.05) was lower than that in semi-arid area. The relative change rates of soil water storage, carbon storage, and plant diversity were -27.57%, -41.80%, 35.92%, 16.84%, 78.58%, 156.27% and 51.38%, 26.37%, 27.56%, respectively.