It is particularly important to study the biodiversity conservation of the threatened mammal species in China in the spatial dimension. Priority conservation area identification is of great value for the task. Based on the spatial analysis, management and prediction abilities of GIS, taking Chinese threatened terrestrial mammals as the research object, in this paper we established a binary grid system for the distribution of threatened terrestrial mammals in China; the 3810 grid cells of the study area were screened by Dobson algorithm in order to identify priority conservation areas for threatened mammal species nationwide; combined with the existing data on the distribution of major natural protected areas in China, including national parks and nature reserves, the conservation status of threatened species in priority conservation areas was assessed by a gap analysis. The results show that, 29 50 km×50 km grid cells contain all threatened terrestrial mammal species in China, of which the 10 grids located in areas such as the Southeast Himalayas cover more than 80% of the species. And the 10 groups of county-level administrative districts in which they are located have 25.9% of the land area protected and 83.6% of the number of threatened species protected, with certain conservation gaps. The paper uses Dobson exclusion algorithm, with a small area regular grid as the basic unit, taking into account the objectivity of the experimental results and helping to improve the efficiency of the identification of priority conservation areas.