Shandong Province, as a typical coastal area in East China, has a changeable climate and a dense population. The impact of extreme climate and human activities on vegetation is of great significance to the stability of the coastal ecological environment. Based on BRT model, multiple linear regression equation and residual analysis, this paper studies the growth of different vegetation under extreme climate and human activities. The results showed:(1) From 2000 to 2020, NDVI (normalized difference vegetation index) in the whole region of Shandong Province showed an increasing trend and had a positive sustainability (H>0.5). In space, the vegetation growth in the northwest and southwest of Shandong was good and had been significantly improved, while the vegetation coverage in the northern Yellow River Delta and Laizhou Bay was low and had been significantly degraded. Grass vegetation in different vegetation types had been significantly improved (P<0.05), while meadow vegetation degradation was more serious; (2) In recent years, the increase of night time temperature TMINmean (mean daily minimum temperature) and TN90p(number of warm nights), the increase of continuous dry days CDD and instantaneous heavy rainfall RX1d(1-day maximum precipitation) were conducive to the growth of vegetation in the study area, while the increase of high temperature extreme value TXx and the decrease of frost days FDO inhibited the growth of vegetation; (3) For different vegetation types, the overall impact of extreme temperature was greater, and the interpretation degree of cultivated plants and coniferous forests was higher. The impact degree and positive and negative effects of the same index on different vegetation types were significantly different; (4) Human activities played a leading role in the vegetation change in the whole region and played a significant role in improving it (P<0.05).Among the different vegetation types, meadow vegetation was most affected by human activities, while coniferous forest was more affected by climate change.The research results can provide scientific support for the future management and planning of vegetation in Shandong Province, and promote the regulation and sustainable development of ecological environment in coastal areas.